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Healthy Adults (Graham, 2005; n = 40; Mean Age = 34.5 (12.6) years; British sample) 

• Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = .92)

Intrarater reliability

• Healthy Adults (Graham, 2005)
  • Adequate intrarater reliability for 20m track (r = .73)
  • Excellent intrarater reliability for 12m track (r = .79)

Interrater reliability

• Healthy Adults (Graham, 2005)
  • Adequate interrater reliability for 20m track (r = .62)  
  • Adequate interrater reliability for 12m track (r = .66)

Healthy adults (Graham, 2005)

• No significant concurrent validity between PCI and oxygen cost for either 20m or 12m track
  • The absence of a correlation between PCI and Eo2 and the presence of only a weak correlation between V?o2 and change in heart rate would suggest that the PCI is not a valid measure of oxygen cost in healthy, moderately active subjects walking on either track

The PCI appears to measure what it is purported to measure and therefore demonstrates adequate face validity.

Stroke (Danielsson et al., 2007; n = 20; Median Age = 54 years; Median Time Post-Stroke = 19 months)

• SEM = 0.187 (Calculated using standard deviation and intraclass correlation values reported by Danielsson et al.)

Stroke (Danielsson et al., 2007)  

• MDC95 = 0.52
• *Calculated using calculated SEM values from data reported by Danielsson et al.

Stroke (Danielsson et al.)

• PCI = 0.76 ¡À 0.50 beats/m

Stroke (Fredrickson et al., 2007; n = 17; Mean Age = 58.6 years; Mean Time Post-Stroke = 44 months)

• PCI= 1.34 ¡À 0.90 beats/m

Stroke with Hemiplegia (Delussu et al., 2014; n = 6; Mean Age = 66 years; Mean Time Post-Stroke = 8 weeks)

• PCI= 0.35 ¡À 0.06 beats/m

Stroke with Hemiparesis (Danielsson, et al; Sample with Hemiparesis >6 months Post-Stroke):

• Excellent test-retest reliability: (ICC=.86)
• ¡°A person could be expected (with 95% probability) to have a retest difference between the limits of agreement.¡±
  • 95% LOA= 0.55 to -0.57

Intrarater Reliability

Stroke with Hemiparesis (Danielsson, et al; Sample with Hemiparesis >6 months Post-Stroke)

• Excellent test-retest reliability: (ICC=.86)

Concurrent Validity:

Stroke (Fredrickson et al., 2007)

• Excellent concurrent validity of the PCI with oxygen cost for stroke survivors (r =0.831)  
• Poor concurrent validity of the PCI with age (r =0.072)

Stroke with Hemiplegia (Delussu, 2014)

• PCI has a high correlation with ECW (they both detect differences between control (healthy) and patient (stroke) groups, which indicates concurrent validity
  Stroke

 Construct Validity:

Stroke (Delussu, 2014)

• Excellent construct validity between stroke patients (r = 0.9191, p < 0.001) and healthy individuals (r = 0.852, p < 0.001)

Discriminant Validity:

Stroke (Delussu, 2014)

• Significant discriminant validity between stroke patients (1.45¡À0.87 beats/m) and healthy subjects (0.35¡À0.06 beats/m) (p=0.012) 

Healthy Children (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 20; Mean Age (SD) = 10.4 ¡À 3.3 years)

• SEM for non-steady state = 0.0222 beats/meter

• SEM for steady state = 0.0323 beats/meter

Cystic Fibrosis (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 11; Mean Age (SD) = 9.9 ¡À 2.5 years)

• SEM for non-steady state = 0.0244 beats/meter

• SEM for steady state = 0.0465 beats/ meter

Cerebral Palsy (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 8; Mean Age (SD) = 8.9 ¡À .08 years)

• SEM for non-steady state = 0.0133 beats/ meter

• SEM for steady state = 0.0489 beats/ meter

Standard Error of Measurement was calculated using standard deviation and intraclass correlation values reported by Bratterby et al.

Healthy Children (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 20; Mean Age (SD) = 10.4 ¡À 3.3 years)

• MDC for non-steady state = 0.0615 beats/meter

• MDC for steady state = 0.0895 beats/ meter

Cystic Fibrosis  (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 11; Mean Age (SD) = 9.9 ¡À 2.5)

• MDC for non-steady state = 0.0676 beats/ meter
• MDC for steady state = 0.129 beats/ meter

Cerebral Palsy (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 8; Mean Age (SD) = 8.9 ¡À .08 years)

• MDC for non-steady state = 0.0369 beats/meter

• MDC for steady state = 0.136 beats/meter

 Minimal detectable change was calculated using calculated SEM values from data reported by Bratterby et al.

Healthy Children (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 20; Mean Age = 10.4 ¡À 3.3)

• PCI=0.44 +/- 0.11 beats/meter

Cystic Fibrosis (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 11; Mean Age = 9.9 ¡À 2.5)

• PCI = 0.47 +/- 0.13 beats/ meter

Cerebral Palsy (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 8; Mean Age (SD) = 8.9 ¡À .08 years)

• PCI = 1.21 ¡À 0.96 beats/ meter

Healthy Children (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 20; Mean Age = 10.4 ¡À 3.3)

• Non-steady state: Excellent Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.837)
• Steady state: Adequate Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.460)

Cystic Fibrosis (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 11; Mean Age = 9.9 ¡À 2.5)

• Non-steady state: Excellent Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.795)
• Steady state: Adequate Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.686)

Cerebral Palsy (Bratterby et al., 2011; n = 8; Mean Age (SD) = 8.9 ¡À .08 years)

• Non-steady state: Excellent Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.986)
• Steady state: Excellent Test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.985)

Concurrent Validity:

Spastic Cerebral Palsy (Bowen et al., 1998; n = 10 [n = 5 children with spastic CP, n = 5 healthy controls])

• Poor concurrent validity between PCI and oxygen consumption during exercise (r = 0.407 ¡À 0.232) and at rest (r = 0.503 ¡À 0.196)

Unilateral Lower Limb Amputees: (Hagberg et al., 2011; n = 28 [Amputation Level: transtibial n=8, knee disarticulation n=5, transfemoral n=13, hip disarticulation n=2]; Mean Age = 49 years)

• SEM* = 0.039

*Standard Error of Measurement was calculated using standard deviation and intraclass correlation values reported by Hagberg et al.

Unilateral Lower Limb Amputees: (Hagberg et al., 2011)

• MDC95* = 0.11

*Minimal detectable change was calculated using calculated SEM values from data reported by Hagberg et al. 2011

Unilateral Lower Limb Amputees: (Hagberg et al., 2011)

• PCI = 0.555 +/- 0.214 beats/meter for initial test
• PCI = 0.581 +/- 0.236 beats/meter for second test (next day)

Transfemoral Amputees: (Vllasolli et al., 2015; n = 22; Mean Age= 40.6 +/-12.5 years; Mean Period of Prosthetic Use = 17.1 (10.5) years; Kosovan sample)

• PCI= 0.57 +/-0.085 beats/meter
• PCI = 0.62 +/- 0.05 for participants who use walking aids (n = 11)
• PCI = 0.53 +/- 0.09 for participants who do not use walking aids (n = 11)

Transtibial Amputees: (Vllasolli et al., 2015; n = 61; Mean Age = 39.7 +/-13.1 years; Mean Period of Prosthetic Use = 14.5 (7.5) years; Kosovan sample)

• PCI= 0.43 +/-0.087 beats/meter
• PCI= 0.55 +/-0.09 beats/meter for participants who use walking aids (n = 10)
• PCI= 0.40 +/-0.06 beats/meter for participants who do not use walking aids (n = 51)

Unilateral Lower Limb Amputees: (Hagberg et al., 2011)

• Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.966)