RehabMeasures Instrument
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  2. Seated Shot-Put

Seated Shot-Put

Last Updated

Purpose

The SSP assess upper extremity function and power.

Acronym SSP

Area of Assessment

Activities of Daily Living
Coordination
General Health
Strength
Upper Extremity Function

Assessment Type

Performance Measure

Administration Mode

Paper & Pencil

Cost

Free

Diagnosis/Conditions

  • Cerebral Palsy

Populations

Older Adults and Geriatric Care
Non-Specific Patient Population

Key Descriptions

  • Subjects were seated in a standard 18 inch chair without armrests.
  • Front legs of the chair placed on a line made by the tester.
  • Subjects feet and lower legs were placed on another 18 inch chair positioned just in front of their chair so that the hips, knees, and ankles were in a straight line parallel to the ground.
  • The non-throwing arm is placed across the chest and a strap is placed diagonally around the upper body to secure the subject to the chair.
  • Subject is given a 6-lb. medicine ball and is instructed not to “throw” the medicine ball in an overhead baseball-type fashion.
  • Subjects are allowed to perform 4 gradient submaximal to maximal warm-ups of 25, 50, 75, and 100% effort of the seated 1 arm shot put.
  • Subject then rests for 2 minutes, followed by 3 maximal effort shot-puts.
  • Recorder measures from the tapeline at the front of the subject’s chair to the site where the ball first struck the ground.
  • Verbal encouragement can be given during the test to ensure high-intensity effort.
  • Two minutes of recovery is given before testing the opposite arm in the same manner.

Number of Items

1

Equipment Required

  • Measuring Tape
  • 2 Chairs
  • Strap
  • 6-lb Medicine Ball

Time to Administer

20 minutes

Required Training

No Training

Age Ranges

Adult

18 - 64

years

Instrument Reviewers

Kate Amsden; Sarah Funderburg; Marial Hammond; Vicki Huang; Lauren Johnston; Kristin Hafnor Kolstad; Chelsea Lineberger; Jeremy McCullough; Kelsey Mutchler; Alex Reiley; Maggie Selzer; Frank Vickory.

Body Part

Upper Extremity

ICF Domain

Body Function
Activity
Participation

Measurement Domain

Activities of Daily Living
Motor

Considerations

This task may be performed with two hands as well as use a shot-put rather than a medicine ball. Changing these factors may change the reliability and validity.

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Non-Specific Patient Population

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Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)

Healthy Recreationally Active Adults:(Negrete et al., 2010) 

  • Dominant: SEM= 7 in.

  • Non-dominant: SEM= 8 in

Minimal Detectable Change (MDC)

Healthy recreationally active adults:  (Negrete, 2010)

  • Dominant: MDC= 17 in.

  • Non-dominant: MDC= 18 in.

     

Normative Data

Healthy recreationally active adults:

(Negrete, 2010; n=180; mean age = 24,29 (5,33))

  • Men
    • 18-22
      • Dominant: mean=87.76, SD=22.98
      •  Non-dominant: mean=77.58, SD=21.18 
    • 23-27
      •  Dominant: mean=115.78, SD=71.46
      • Non-dominant: mean=115.78, SD=56.36
    •  28-32
      • Dominant: mean=155.16, SD=56.35
      • Non-dominant: mean=144.03, SD=58.61
    • 33-37
      • Dominant: mean=230.80, SD=29.93
      • Non-dominant: mean=211.80, SD=17.87
    • 38-42
      • Dominant: mean=216.33, SD=21.21
      • Non-dominant: mean=194.33, SD=16.49
  • Women
    • 18-22
      • Dominant: mean=60.25, SD=22.98
      • Non-dominant: mean=54.83, SD=21.71
    • 23-27
      • Dominant: mean=85.92, SD=38.95
      • Non-dominant: mean=78.10, SD=37.16
    • 28-32
      • Dominant: mean=99.35, SD=31.90
      • Non-dominant: mean=91.74, SD=30.86
    • 33-37
      • Dominant: mean=88.98, SD=38.87
      • Non-dominant: mean=77.10, SD=36.10
    • 38-42
      • Dominant: mean=78.82, SD=35.58
      • Non-dominant: mean=75.08, SD=35.53

Test/Retest Reliability

Healthy recreationally active adults:  (Negrete, 2010)

  • Dominant: Excellent (ICC= 0.988; 95% CI 0.978–0.993)

  • Non-dominant: Excellent (ICC= 0.971; 95% CI 0.947–0.984)

Older Adults and Geriatric Care

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Standard Error of Measurement (SEM)

Older Adults (Harris et al., 2011)

  • SEM= 19.1cm in 1.5kg medicine ball throw

  • SEM= 14.8 cm in 3.0kg medicine ball throw

Minimal Detectable Change (MDC)

Older Adults (Harris et al., 2011)

  • MDC= 53.8 cm in 1.5kg medicine ball throw

  • MDC= 41.0 cm in 3.0kg medicine ball throw

Bibliography

Davis, K.L., Kang, M., Boswell, B.B., DuBose, K.D. and Altman, S.R. 2008. Validity and reliability of the medicine ball throw for kindergarten children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 22:6, 1958-1963.

Harris, C., Wattles, A.P., DeBeliso, M., Sevene-Adams, P.G., Berning, J.M. and Adams, K.J. 2011.The seated medicine ball throw as a test of upper body power in older adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25:8, 2344-2348.

Hegedus, E.J., Vidt, M.E. and Tarara, D.T. 2014. The best combination of physical performance and self-report measures to capture function in three patient. Physical Therapy Reviews. 19:3, 196-203. 

Mayhew, J.L., Bemben, M.G. and Rohrs, D.M. 1992. Seated shot put as a Measure of Upper Body Power in Adolescent Wrestlers. Pediatric Exercise Science 4: 78-84.

Mayhew, J.L., Bemben, M.G., Piper, F.C., Ware, J.S., Rohrs, D.M. and Bemben, D.A. 1993. Assessing bench press power in college football players: the seated shot put. Journal of Strength and Conditioning. 7:2, 95-100.

Negrete, R.J., Hanney, W.J., Kolber, M.J., Davies, G.J., Ansley, M.K., McBride, A.B. and Overstreet, A.L. 2010. Reliability, minimal detectable change, and normative values for tests of upper extremity function and power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24:12, 2218-3325.

O’Riordan A. and Frossard L. 2006. Seated shot put-what’s it all about? Modern Athlete and Coach. 44:2, 3-8.

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